The history of terrariums dates back to the 19th century and owes its origin to a combination of scientific curiosity and serendipity. The concept of growing plants in enclosed environments can be traced to 1829, when Dr. Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward, an English surgeon and botanist, inadvertently discovered the potential of sealed glass containers for cultivating plants.

While studying insect behavior, Dr. Ward placed a jar with moist soil and a chrysalis on his windowsill. To his surprise, instead of observing insect development, he noticed that ferns and grasses began to sprout inside the sealed jar. The conditions inside—moderate humidity, stable temperatures, and a closed environment—created an ideal micro-ecosystem for plant growth. This experiment eventually led to the invention of the "Wardian case," an early form of the modern terrarium.

The Wardian Case and Its Impact

Wardian cases gained popularity during the Victorian era, serving both as decorative items and practical tools for plant transportation. These glass cases played a critical role in the global exchange of plants during the age of exploration. They allowed fragile specimens, such as orchids and tea plants, to survive long sea voyages by maintaining stable growing conditions.

In addition to their practical uses, terrariums became a fashionable hobby among Victorian households. People were captivated by the miniature landscapes and the opportunity to observe nature up close.

Evolution and Modern Revival

Interest in terrariums waned in the early 20th century but experienced a resurgence in the 1960s and 1970s, coinciding with the rise of environmental awareness and the popularity of indoor gardening. They became a symbol of ecological consciousness and were appreciated for their low-maintenance beauty.

Today, terrariums are celebrated as a blend of art, science, and gardening. They range from small, simple designs for succulents to elaborate ecosystems with ferns, mosses, and even tiny tropical plants. Advances in glass manufacturing and an increased understanding of plant care have enabled enthusiasts to create intricate, self-sustaining micro-worlds.

The enduring appeal of terrariums lies in their ability to bring a touch of nature indoors, offering a glimpse into the delicate balance of ecosystems while serving as a creative outlet for plant lovers.

If you're looking for a low-maintenance way to add some greenery to your life, a terrarium is an excellent option

Terrariums are a great way to add a touch of nature to your home or office. Here are some of the reasons why you might want one:

• Low maintenance: Terrariums are self-sustaining ecosystems that require very little care. Once you've set them up, you can generally just leave them alone and they will thrive
• Versatile: Terrariums can be used to grow a variety of plants, including succulents, cacti, and even tropical plants
• Decorative: Terrariums come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and can be used to create a unique and eye-catching display
• Educational: Terrariums can be used to teach children about ecosystems and plant life
• Therapeutic: Studies have shown that being around nature can reduce stress levels and improve overall well-being

There are basically 2 types of terrariums

• Closed container with a lid promotes humidity, creating an ideal environment for moisture-loving plants.
• Open container is better suited for plants that require drier conditions. You can leave the lip open!

The type you choose is a question of how much do you want to spend and will it fit your lifestyle

Your plant choices should match the type of terrarium you’re creating:

• Closed terrariums work best for humidity-loving plants like moss and ferns.
• Open terrariums are better for succulents and cacti, which will not thrive in a humid environment.

Here are some plant options:

• Air plants
• Small ferns
• Pincushion moss
• Nerve plant
• Peperomia
• Spiderwort

You can find essential supplies for drainage layers and soil at UK Houseplants.

1. Create a Drainage Layer

Add a 1-inch layer of Leca balls, small pebbles, or gravel to the bottom of the container. Since terrariums lack drainage holes, this layer helps prevent excess water buildup. For larger terrariums, increase the layer’s thickness to accommodate more water and reduce soil mixing.

2. Add a Mesh Barrier

Place a layer of mesh over the drainage layer to prevent soil from seeping into the pebbles. A window fly screen like this one from Robert Dyas works well.

3. Add Potting Soil

Top the mesh with a layer of damp potting soil. Avoid using garden soil, as it’s too dense and will compact inside the terrarium. A multipurpose soil mix is ideal.

4. Plant Your Selection

Carefully place your chosen plants in the soil, ensuring their roots are covered and no leaves or stems touch the glass. You can also add decorative elements like figurines or uniquely shaped stones to personalize your terrarium.

Watering

Overwatering is the biggest threat to terrarium plants. Light misting is usually sufficient. If condensation builds up on the inner walls, it will drip down and naturally water the plants. If excessive condensation occurs, open the lid for a couple of hours

Light Requirements

• Most terrariums do best in diffused light, such as near a south-facing window
• Avoid direct sunlight, as it can overheat and damage the plants

Managing Humidity

• For humidity-loving plants, keep the lid closed to trap moisture
• For plants that prefer drier conditions, leave the lid open

Cleaning the Container

Over time, water spots or algae may form on the glass. Tools like these; long-handled tweezers and scissors are handy for maintenance.

Removing Dead Debris

It isn’t necessary to remove dead leaves. They are returning nutrients to the soil. If they are mouldy, it’s a sign to open the lid and air the terrarium

Cleaning the Glass

Use a small sponge or lint free cloth to clean the glass interior. Don’t forget the lid and the exterior

Avoid glass cleaners. They may contain chemicals detrimental to your plants

By following these steps, you can create and maintain a beautiful, thriving terrarium with minimal effort!